GST 2.0 Healthcare: Understanding
5% and 18% Rates on Medical Services

Updated: June 2026 9 min read Milaan ERP Team
Healthcare is one of the most critical and politically sensitive sectors for GST rate decisions in India. The GST 2.0 reforms have brought significant changes to how medical services, medicines, medical devices, and health insurance are taxed. This guide breaks down the 5% and 18% GST rates applicable to healthcare under the evolving GST 2.0 framework and what it means for hospitals, pharmacies, and healthcare businesses.

Current GST Rate Structure for Healthcare in India

Healthcare Item / ServiceGST RateNotes
Healthcare services by hospitals & doctorsNil (Exempt)Clinical establishment services are exempt
Generic medicines (non-branded)NilSpecified medicines exempt
Life-saving drugs (listed)5%Specific drugs notified by government
Most medicines & pharmaceuticals12%Bulk of pharma sector
Ayurvedic, homeopathic medicines12%Branded products
Medical devices & equipment12% / 18%Varies by device type
Diagnostic servicesNil (Exempt)Clinical lab tests exempt
Health insurance premiums18% (was)Senior citizens: Now Nil
Ambulance servicesNilExempt
COVID vaccines (when available)5%Concessional rate

GST 2.0 Changes in Healthcare Rates

1. Health Insurance — Major Relief in June 2025

The most significant healthcare GST change in GST 2.0: Following the 56th GST Council meeting (June 2025), GST on individual term life insurance premiums was reduced to Nil from 18%, and health insurance for senior citizens (60+) was also fully exempted from GST.

For other health insurance policyholders, GST remains at 18% currently, but there is pressure to reduce this further.

2. Cancer Drugs — Rate Reduction

In August 2024, GST on specific cancer drugs — including Trastuzumab, Osimertinib, and Durvalumab — was reduced from 12% to 5%. This followed recommendations from the 54th GST Council meeting, providing significant relief to cancer patients.

3. Medical Devices — Rationalisation Underway

Several medical devices currently at 18% GST are under consideration for reduction to 12% or 5%. The GoM report has flagged inverted duty structure issues in medical devices where raw materials face higher GST than finished devices.

4. Generic Medicines — Status Quo with Clarifications

Nil-rated generic medicines (unbranded) continue to be exempt. However, clarifications have been issued to distinguish between branded and unbranded medicines for GST purposes, resolving long-standing classification disputes.

Impact on Pharmacy Businesses

For pharmacy businesses managing multiple GST rates, here is what GST 2.0 means in practice:

  • Bifurcation required: Pharmacies must accurately classify each medicine/device into the correct GST slab (Nil, 5%, 12%, 18%)
  • ITC management: Rate changes on specific drugs affect ITC calculations and reconciliation
  • Billing software: Must support automatic HSN-to-rate mapping with frequent updates
  • GSTR reporting: Multiple rate categories require careful GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B preparation

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What the 18% vs 5% GST Debate Means for Patients

The debate over 5% vs 18% GST in healthcare has direct impact on patient costs:

ScenarioGST RateImpact on Patient
Health insurance premium ₹20,000/year18% → savings on senior citizen premiums₹3,600 annual savings for senior citizens
Cancer drug costing ₹50,000/month12% → 5%₹3,500/month saving on cancer treatment
Medical device purchase ₹1,00,000If reduced from 18% to 12%₹6,000 saving

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FAQs on GST Healthcare Rates

Are hospital services taxed under GST in India?
No. Healthcare services provided by clinical establishments (hospitals, doctors, nursing homes) are exempt from GST. This includes inpatient, outpatient, diagnostic, and emergency services. However, some ancillary services like cafeteria, cosmetic procedures, and room upgrades may attract GST.
Is health insurance GST free in India?
Currently (June 2026): Individual term life insurance — Nil GST. Senior citizen health insurance — Nil GST. Other health insurance — 18% GST. There is active lobbying and government consideration to reduce GST on all health insurance, which may change under GST 2.0.
What GST rate applies on medicines and drugs?
Most branded medicines attract 12% GST. Specific life-saving drugs notified by the government attract 5%. Certain cancer drugs were reduced to 5% in August 2024. Unbranded/generic drugs may attract Nil GST. Always check the HSN code for the exact applicable rate.
Does a pharmacy need to charge GST on medicines?
Yes. Pharmacies that are GST registered (turnover above threshold) must charge GST on medicines as per applicable rates. The rate depends on the specific medicine's HSN code — ranging from Nil to 12%. A proper billing system with HSN-rate mapping is essential.

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